Caring for others is an act of love and compassion – but it can also be physically and emotionally demanding. Caregivers experience high rates of anxiety and depression and often have a hard time attending to their own health. Experts at Yale New Haven Health explain why it’s important to recognize the signs of “caregiver fatigue.”
What is caregiver fatigue?
Caregiver fatigue (also called caregiver burnout) is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion that can occur when providing ongoing care to another person – often without sufficient support or rest, according to Chelsea Mendonca, MD, unit chief of Adult Inpatient Psychiatry at Lawrence + Memorial Hospital and a geriatric psychiatrist who is affiliated with Northeast Medical Group and Yale Medicine. Caregivers may feel overwhelmed, frustrated or hopeless, and experience guilt or shame for these feelings.
Those most at risk for burnout are caregivers of elderly adults with dementia; spouses or adult children who are the sole or primary caregiver; and parents of children with chronic health conditions or disabilities. “Caregivers without formal training or those juggling multiple responsibilities, such as work and family, are especially vulnerable,” Dr. Mendonca said.
Mothers caring for young children while juggling careers and household responsibilities may also struggle with feelings of burnout. While similar to caregiver fatigue, their experience is more often referred to as “depleted mother syndrome,” according to Dr. Mendonca.
“They may also experience exhaustion, irritability and emotional strain, but it is more specific to the maternal role and the societal expectations placed on mothers,” she said. “It’s shaped by gender roles and parenting culture.”
Some adults may be simultaneously raising their children while also caring for their aging parents as part of the “sandwich generation” – which can add significant stress and challenges.
What are the symptoms of caregiver fatigue?
Signs may include:
- persistent exhaustion, even after rest
- irritability
- sleep disturbances
- changes in appetite
- loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed
- feelings of isolation, anger or resentment
- neglecting your own health or responsibilities
Chronic, untreated burnout may lead to physical or mental health problems for the caregiver, including hypertension, a weakened immune system, depression and anxiety. It also increases the risk of caregiver errors, breakdowns in family dynamics, social withdrawal or unintentional abuse of your loved ones due to stress and frustration, said Dr. Mendonca.
“Seek help when these symptoms begin interfering with your daily life, your relationships, or your ability to provide care safely and compassionately,” she said.
Tips for preventing caregiver fatigue
Dr. Mendonca recommends the following to avoid burning out:
- Set realistic expectations.
- Ask for help. Friends and family may be able to help provide care share responsibilities.
- Make time for yourself. Schedule regular breaks and prioritize self-care (i.e. adequate sleep, eat healthy meals, exercise and time for hobbies).
- Find available resources. These include virtual support groups through organizations such as the Alzheimer’s Association, Family Caregiver Alliance, or National Alliance for Caregiving; or in-person support groups offered through local hospitals, community centers or religious institutions.
- Use professional services. Adult day programs for people struggling with dementia and home health aides or companions can provide a much-needed temporary respite for caregivers.
- If stress becomes overwhelming, seek professional help.
The most important role you have as a caregiver is taking care of yourself. Visit your doctor regularly. Try to eat well, exercise and get plenty of rest.
“Making sure that you are healthy helps you be a better caregiver,” Dr. Mendoca said. “The best thing you can do for the person you are caring for is stay physically and emotionally strong.”
